Sonatrach From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sonatrach

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sonatrach

Type	State-owned Corporation
Industry	Oil & Gas
Founded	December 1963
Headquarters	Algiers, Algeria Algeria
Key people	Nordine Cherouati (President and CEO)
Products	Oil (fuels, lubricants) Natural Gas (LNG) Petrochemicals
Net income	175 billion dinars (2.4269 billion USD)(2002)
Employees	120,000
Subsidiaries	Naftal Numhyd ALEPCO GALSI GCB National Civil Engineering Co. ENTP National Well Engineering Company
Website	[1]

Sonatrach (Société Nationale pour la Recherche, la Production, le Transport, la Transformation, et la Commercialisation des Hydrocarbures s.p.a.) is an Algerian government-owned companyformed to exploit the hydrocarbon resources of the country. Its diversified activities cover all aspects of production: exploration, extraction, transport, and refining. It has diversified intopetrochemistry and the desalination of seawater.

Contents   [hide]  1 Overview 1.1 Selected Fields 2 History 3 Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures 4 Algerian Hydrocarbon Sector 5 Air Algérie and Sonatrach 6 Presidents 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References

[edit]Overview

Sonatrach is the largest Algerian company and the 11th largest oil consortium in the world. Its gross sales (as of 2002) was 1,530 billion Algerian dinars for a net income of 175 billion. The company, which employs approximately 120,000 workers, produces 30% of the GNP of Algeria. Annually it produces (as of 2002) 206 million tep, including 11.7 % (24 million tep) for the domestic market. Sonatrach operates the largest oil field in Algeria, Hassi Messaoud, which produced around 440,000 bbl/d (70,000 m³/d) of crude in 2006. Sonatrach also operates the Hassi R'Mel field (north of Hassi Messaoud, south of Algiers), which produces around 180,000 bbl/d (29,000 m³/d) of crude. Other major fields operated by Sonatrach include Tin Fouye Tabankort Ordo, Zarzaitine, Haoud Berkaoui/Ben Kahla, and Ait Kheir.

Sonatrach operates over 2,400 miles (3,900 km) of crude oil pipelines in the country. The most important pipelines carry crude oil from the Hassi Messaoud field to export terminals. Sonatrach also operates oil condensate and LPG pipeline networks that link Hassi R'mel and other fields to Arzew. Sonatrach is expanding the Hassi Messaoud-Azrew pipeline, the longest in the country. The project entails a second, parallel line that will more than double the capacity of the existing line.

[edit]Selected Fields

Field	Basin	Annual Production	Reserves	Discovery	Operator(s)
Hassi Messaoud field		440,000 bbl/d (70,000 m3/d)			Sonatrach
Hassi R'Mel gas field		180,000 bbl/d (29,000 m3/d)			Sonatrach
Zarzautine field					Sonatrach
Ait Kheir					Sonatrach
Haoud Berkaoui/Ben Kahla					Sonatrach
Tin Fouye Tabankort Ordo					Sonatrach

Notes:
1.EIA 2007.

[edit]History

Sonatrach was founded on December 31, 1963. At the time, however, the Algerian state held only 4.5% of the exploration perimeters, whileFrench interests were as high as 67.5%.^[1] After the Arab-Israeli War in June 1967, Algeria decided to nationalize the refining and distribution activities of Mobil and Esso, and Sonatrach signed an agreement with Getty Oil on October 19, 1968 receiving 51% of Getty Oil's interests. It gained control over all Algerian petrochemical resources following President Houari Boumedienne's nationalisation of all French oil and gas holdings beginning on February 24, 1971. The old concession system was replaced by a seizure of a 51% share of French petroleum companies. Only Total agreed to continue its activities; the other companies left Algeria. Beginning on December 10, 1979, a conference on the exploitation of petroleum recommended increasing participation in the research efforts by foreign companies and countries. By a decree published in theJournal Officiel on May 17, 1980, Sonatrach was divided into four enterprises. From 1986, it became possible for foreign hydrocarbon companies to do business in Algeria within a partnership with Sonatrach (this process was simplified in 1991). The Sonatrach-Gaz de France accord, signed on January 12, 1989, allowed the state to set a compromise price of about $2.30 per million BTUs. A total of 9.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas were delivered annually until 1990, and Sonatrach recovered 850 million francs in arrears, since the accord applied retroactively beginning on November 1, 1987. In March 2005, the Algerian parliament adopted the hydrocarbon reform bill, encouraging international oil company (IOC) investment in the hydrocarbon sector, which Sonatrach previously dominated. However, 2006 amendments to the hydrocarbon bill created a windfall tax on IOC profits when oil prices top $30 per barrel. This tax reached up to 50% on some contracts. In addition, the amendments gave Sonatrach rights to a 51% or higher participation option on each newly discovered project.^[2]

[edit]Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures

A Naftal gas pump

Sonatrach owns 50% of Numhyd, a joint venture with Tunisia's ETAP, and ALEPCO, a joint venture with Libya's National Oil Corporation. In 1998, Sonatrach acquired Naftal, which is the principal company selling petroleum-based fuels for domestic consumption with about 10,000 gas stations (as of 2005.) Naftec, a subsidiary of Sonatrach, operates Algeria's four refineries, which have combined capacity of 450,000 bbl/d (72,000 m³/d). The Skikda refinery (300,000 bpd) provides the bulk of Algeria's refined products production. The 30,000 bbl/d (4,800 m³/d) Hassi Messaoud refinery supplies products to southern Algeria, while the 60,000 bbl/d (9,500 m³/d) Algiers refinery processes crude from Hassi Messaoud for consumption in the capital. Finally, the coastal 60,000 bbl/d (9,500 m³/d) Arzew refinery produces products for domestic consumption and export. In July 2006, Sonatrach and the Chinese National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) brought online the small-13,000 bpd Adrar refinery, which is located near the village of Sbaa 40 km (25 mi) north of Adrar.^[2]

[edit]Algerian Hydrocarbon Sector

Hydrocarbons play a crucial role in Algeria's economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues and over 95% of export earnings. The country ranks fourteenth in petroleum reserves, containing 11.8 billion barrels (1.88×10⁹ m³) of proven oil reserves with estimates suggesting that the actual amount is even more. The U.S. Energy Information Administration reported that in 2005, Algeria had 160 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural gas reserves, the eighth largest in the world.^[3] As a result, Sonatrach is very important politically. Most Energy Ministers of Algeria have come from a Sonatrach background.

[edit]Air Algérie and Sonatrach

Air Algérie and Sonatrach have a bond that unites them, which is the air company Tassili Airlines. The two companies have as a goal to modernize and expand services of Tassili Airlines. In 2006, Sonatrach gave Tassili Airlines permission to expand its domestic destinations and for the future opening of international routes.

• 51% Sonatrach.
• 49% Air Algérie.

[edit]Presidents

List incomplete.

• Sid Ahmed Ghozali (1966–1977)
• Yousef Yousfi (1985–1988)
• Sadek Boussena (1988–1990)
• Abdelhak Bouhafs (1990–1995)
• Nazim Zouioueche (March 1995-1997)
• Abdelmadjid Attar (July 1997-1999)
• Abdelhak Bouhafs (December 1999-2001)
• Chakib Khelil (March 2001-2003)
• Mohamed Meziane (September 2003-2010)
• Nordine Cherouati (May 2010 – present)

[edit]See also

• LNG El Paso Sonatrach

[edit]Notes

1. ^ L. Blin 1990. L'Algerie, du Sahara au Sahal. Paris: L'Harmattan
2. ^ ^a b EIA Algeria 2007
3. ^ Algeria Country Analysis Brief, EIA, March 2005. Retrieved 18 Jan 2007.

[edit]References

• Energy Information Administration (2007) Algeria: Country Analysis Brief
• Sonatrach Annual Report 2003
• World Bank (2006), [ Algeria: Economic Report], Social & Economic Development Group: MENA Region
• P. Mobbs (2002) Mineral Industry of Algeria
• Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (2001) Sirte Basin Province: Sirte-Zelten Total Petroleum System U.S. Geological Survey
• Sonatrach official site (in French)
• Sonatrach: The Political Economic of an Algerian State Institution, John Entelis, 2000
• Sonatrach history
• New projects of Edison S.p.A.
• Project GALSI (in French)
• L'alliance entre Gazprom et Sonatrach trouble l'Europe, Le Figaro 7 August 2006 (in French)
• Naftal.dz

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Nigerian senate passes anti-gay bill, defying British aid threat - CNN.com

Nigerian senate passes anti-gay bill, defying British aid threat

By Christian Purefoy and Faith Karimi, CNN

November 30, 2011 -- Updated 1341 GMT (2141 HKT)

Homosexuality is illegal in most African countries, with punishments ranging from fines to years in prison.

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

• The bill calls for a 14-year sentence for anyone convicted of homosexuality
• Anyone who aids or "abets" same-sex unions faces 10 years in prison
• Homosexuality is illegal in most African countries based on laws introduced during the colonial era
• "Do not get tempted into that (homosexuality) madness," Zimbabwean president tells youth

(CNN) -- The Nigerian senate has passed a bill banning same-sex marriages, defying a threat from Britain to withhold aid from nations violating gay rights.

The bill by Africa's most populous nation calls for a 14-year sentence for anyone convicted of homosexuality. Anyone who aids or "abets" same-sex unions faces 10 years in prison, a provision that could target rights groups.

It goes to the nation's House of Representatives for a vote before President Goodluck Jonathan can sign it into law.

"It would place a wide range of people at risk of criminal sanctions, including human rights defenders and anyone else -- including friends, families and colleagues -- who stands up for the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender people in Nigeria," Amnesty International said in a statement.

The bill passed Tuesday comes nearly a month after British prime minister, David Cameron, threatened to withhold aid from nations violating gays rights, sparking outrage in Africa where leaders interpreted it as "colonial" display of power.

Homosexuality is illegal in most African countries based on remnants of sodomy laws introduced during the British colonial era and perpetuated by cultural beliefs.

Punishments across the continent range from fines to years in prison.

"This is something we raise continually and ... we're also saying that British aid should have more strings attached in terms of 'do you persecute people for their faith or their Christianity or do you persecute people for their sexuality?" Cameron said in a statement.

"We don't think that's acceptable. So look, this is an issue where we want movement, we're pushing for movement, we're prepared to put some money behind what we believe."

Soon after his remarks earlier this month, a flurry of African governments released defiant statements accusing him of undermining their sovereignty and culture.

Last week, Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, known for his anti-gay rhetoric, called the prime minister "satanic" for demanding gay rights.

"Do not get tempted into that (homosexuality) madness. You are young people. If you go that direction, we will punish you severely," state media quoted him as saying. "It is condemned by nature. It is condemned by insects and that is why I have said they are worse than pigs and dogs."

Mugabe's comments were the latest in a series of strident remarks by African leaders.

Ugandan government spokesman Fred Opolot described Cameron's remarks as "patronizing, colonial rhetoric," saying the nation is busy expanding its oil sector to reduce its reliance on aid.

"We are working hard to limit our reliance on foreign governments for this reason," he said. "Statements like the one Cameron is making are false. Our cultural norms and values don't accept homosexuality, but there is no policy against gay people."

In 2009, a Ugandan lawmaker introduced a proposal calling for execution of people convicted of homosexuality. The proposal sparked an international outcry and threats from some European countries to cut aid to the nation, which relies on millions of dollars from foreign nations.

Opolot said the proposal was the opinion of a sole lawmaker and did not reflect the government view. The legislation was eventually shelved, but regularly pops up in parliament and remains a simmering issue.

Ghanaian President John Atta Mills, a major western ally, applauded the benefits of foreign aid, but said the nation will not accept money that will undermine its interest.

"I will never initiate or support any attempt to legalize homosexuality in Ghana," he told journalists this month, according to state media. "As government we will abide by the principles as contained in our Constitution, which is supreme."

Tanzanian officials decried the remarks, saying they "can lead to broken relations" between the two nations.

Cameron's statements also sparked a fiery debate among Africans on social media, where opinions were divided.

"At first, I was upset. I thought, how dare he treats us like this?' said Nigel Mugamu, 33, who lives in Harare, Zimbabwe.

"Then I thought about it," the businessman said. "The U.K. economy is struggling. They spend a lot of money on aid. Given what's happening economically. Maybe it's a nice way of saying -- we can't afford it?"

Mugamu said the threat should be an opportunity to open up a dialogue on an issue considered a taboo in African culture.

"Now is the time to talk about it ... to get our house in order. Lets use this opportunity to say, 'OK, if we didn't have aid, how would we survive?" he said. "Let's talk about gay rights issues. Let's turn this into a national -- African discussion."

Others said while denying aid would be extreme, the continent has a long way to go when it comes to human rights.

"It would be ridiculous if that mentality -- pride from leaders in both sides -- got in the way of millions benefiting from aid," said Aida Mbowa, a Stanford University doctorate student who lives in the Kenyan capital of Nairobi.

However, she said, the threat thrusts the issue to the forefront.

"We need minority rights in the continent. There's a part of me that knows this threat will not have much of impact. But in a way, it's an achievement, however small. Despite the differences in opinion ... it has brought the conversation out in the open."

The Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya said while Cameron's remarks are a positive gesture, they risk turning homosexuals into targets. It urged the prime minister to instead consider directing some aid to community programs aimed at fostering dialogue and tolerance.

"Support national and regional human rights mechanisms to ensure the inclusiveness of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues in their protective and promotional mandates," the group said.

As the prejudices rage on, gays and lesbians in the continent lead fidgety lives, including forming underground movements that change locations regularly for safety issues.

Sexual violence against lesbians has become so common in South Africa, the nation has coined a new term "corrective rape" to describe it. South Africa -- one of the more progressive nations in the continent on the issue -- was the first African country to impose a constitutional ban on discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Cameron said he does not expect a sudden change in mindsets, and admits it will take time.

Journalist Columbus S. Mavhunga contributed to this report from Harare, Zimbabwe

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Dialogue Cafe @ Centre for Internet and Society

Time	2 December · 16:00 - 18:00
Location	The Centre for Internet & Society No. 194, 2nd 'C' Cross, Domlur, 2nd Stage Bangalore, India
Created by:	The Centre for Internet and Society, Prasad Krishna
For	The Centre for Internet and Society
More info	The Centre for Internet and Society announces the launch of its dialogue cafe, where every month, we approach seminal thinkers, scholars and practitioners to help explore knowledge paradigms that help us understand and research techno-social realities through innovative thought, concepts and frameworks. The dialogue cafe draws upon different disciplines, histories, perspectives and intellectual legacies in order to respond to ...a seminal piece of writing that has changed, challenged and shaped the contours of interdisciplinary science and technology studies. The dialogue cafe initiates several strands of dialogues — between critical thinkers and canonical texts, between different paradigm of knowledges that interact with digital and internet technologies, and between interlocutors located in different disciplines, to initiate critical thought/work for new and innovative research in the field of Internet and Society. For its first brew of conversations, the Dialogue Cafe serves you... Computation and the Humanities: Revisiting a Silent Revolution Steve Jobs’ comments on how “technology married with liberal arts, married with the humanities” made Apple hearts sing is today widely re-circulated, but not fully comprehended. We often take this to be the mark of one man’s genius, rather than the symptom of a broader interdisciplinary history. Noted Artificial Intelligence scholar Philip Agre recalls, “When I was a graduate student in artificial intelligence, the humanities were not held in high regard. They were vague and woolly, they employed impenetrable jargons, and they engaged in "meta-level bickering that never decides anything". What happened, in the formative decades of Jobs and Agre’s generation, to bring technology and the humanities into conversation? What have the results been, other than well-designed personal computational devices, and what is the significance for us? On December 2, 2011, the Centre for Internet and Society invites you to a Dialogue Cafe, where we engage in exploring what this all means and what kinds of labour it might take to ‘marry’ these disparate ways of knowing. As a response to Philip Agre’s seminal essay on “Critical Technology Practice”, the cafe will begin with an exposition by Kavita Philip (University of California, Irvine), opening up into a critical response spearheaded by Cherry Matthew, and leading to a larger dialogue with the audience, exploring fault lines of interdisciplinary research and challenges of integrated technology studies. For more background on these questions, audience is encouraged (but not required) to explore the materials at Agre’s home page http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/, and STSrelated links from Wikipedia’s page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology_and_society

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WE support this movement and will keep you conversant with the details and particulars. "We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them." - Albert Einstein

• Occupy Seattle Facebook
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Wounded protester Scott Olsen speaks | Crime Scene | an SFGate.com blog

Wounded protester Scott Olsen speaks

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Scott Olsen after being wounded in the head Oct. 25.

Scott Olsen, the 24-year-old Iraq war veteran whose skull was fractured during an Occupy Oakland protest Oct. 25, returned Sunday to Frank Ogawa Plaza outside City Hall, where he spoke on camera to Dave Morse, a reporter for Indybay.org. He seemed to be in good spirits and said he expected a “full recovery,”  but wore a neck brace and admitted he was still having difficulty speaking.

Authorities are investigating what happened to Olsen, a Marine Corps veteran from Daly City who fell hard to the pavement in downtown Oakland. He was rushed to the hospital by fellow protesters as people around him clashed with officers who fired projectiles and deployed tear gas.

In his interview Sunday, Olsen said he did not know what had injured him, but said he had been “attacked” while demonstrating against the removal of Occupy Oakland’s encampment that morning.

“I had my phone out,” Olsen said. “I was texting something to a friend of mine, and the next thing I know I’m down on the ground and there are people above me trying to help me. And they ended up carrying me away.”

Olsen added, “They asked me my name several times, and I couldn’t answer them. I don’t know if I couldn’t recall the answer or I couldn’t spit it out. That’s when I knew that yeah, it was time to go and let them take care of me.”

Here’s the Indybay interview:

Scott Olsen speaks outside Oakland City Hall

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Jerry Sandusky From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jerry Sandusky

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jerry Sandusky
Sport(s)	Football
Biographical details
Born	January 26, 1944 (age 67)
Place of birth	Washington, Pennsylvania
Playing career
1963–1965	Penn State
Position(s)	Defensive end
Coaching career (HC unless noted)
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970–1976 1977–1999	Penn State (graduate assistant) Juniata (assistant) Boston University (assistant) Penn State (defensive line) Penn State (linebackers) Penn State (defensive coordinator)
Accomplishments and honors
Awards
Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame[1]

Gerald Arthur "Jerry" Sandusky (born January 26, 1944)^[2] is a retired American footballcoach. Sandusky served as an assistant coach for his entire career, mostly at Pennsylvania State University under Joe Paterno, and was one of the most notable major college football coaches never to have held a head coaching position. He received Assistant Coach of the Year awards in 1986 and 1999.^[3] In November 2011, he was arrested and charged with 40 counts of sexual abuse of young boys over a 15-year period.^[4]

Contents   [hide]  1 Early life and family 2 Education and playing career 2.1 Early coaching career 2.2 Coaching career at Penn State 3 The Second Mile 4 Publications 5 Sexual assault charges 6 Family 7 References 8 External links

[edit]Early life and family

Sandusky was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, the only son of Evelyn Mae (née Lee) an Irish Catholic homemaker who came from a small Pennsylvania coal-mining town,^[5] and Arthur Sandusky whose parents immigrated from Poland.^[6] His father Arthur served in the field of youth service programs for over 30 years, mostly as director of the Brownson House in Washington, Pennsylvania, a community recreation center for children.^[6][6] There, he founded the Pennsylvania Junior Wrestling program and created junior basketball, volleyball, boxing and football programs for the Brownson House.^[6] He improved the facilities there by adding a new playground, gym,outdoor basketball court, and a renovated football field.^[6] He also managed the 1955 Washington baseball team that won the Pony League World Series championship, the only team from Washington to win that championship.^[6] Arthur was inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 1989.^[6]

Jerry Sandusky attended Washington High School, where he was a good student and standout athlete, playing baseball, basketball and football.^[7] He was a leader on his junior high basketball team that went undefeated through the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League.^[7] Personally, his classmates have described him as a studious "loner" who "never dated in high school" but was a popular and handsome athlete.^[7]

[edit]Education and playing career

Sandusky played for Paterno at Penn State, starting at defensive end from 1963 to 1965.^[8] After graduating first in his class with a B.S. in health in 1966 and physical education in 1970.^[8][7]

[edit]Early coaching career

Sandusky served as a graduate assistant under Paterno at Penn State in 1966. He was assistant basketball and track coach at Juniata Collegein 1967 and offensive line coach at Boston University in 1968. ^[7]

[edit]Coaching career at Penn State

He returned to Penn State in 1969 and remained there as an assistant coach until his retirement at the end of the 1999 season. Sandusky served as defensive line coach in 1969, became linebacker coach in 1970, and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1977, holding that position until his retirement. In his years as a linebacker coach and defensive coordinator, he coached many outstanding defensive squads, and Penn State gained a reputation for outstanding linebacker play, producing 10 first-team All-Americans at that position, and acquiring the nickname "Linebacker U". Jack Ham and LaVar Arrington were two of the noted pro football greats to emerge from his teams.^[9]

Sandusky spurned opportunities for head coaching positions, including one with the University of Maryland in 1991,^[10] presumably in the ultimately unfulfilled hope of succeeding Paterno as head coach at Penn State.

His final game coaching at Penn State was a notable game for Sandusky. Penn State faced Texas A&M in the 1999 Alamo Bowl in San Antonio, Texas. Inspired to honor Sandusky, the defense produced an outstanding effort and the Nittany Lions shut out Texas A&M, 24–0, the only bowl game shutout victory for Penn State under Paterno. Sandusky was recognized in ways usually reserved for a head coach. He was doused with a water bucket and carried to the center of the field on the shoulders of his players.^[11]

[edit]The Second Mile

Main article: The Second Mile

After retirement, Sandusky hosted many summer football camps and was active in The Second Mile, a children's charity he founded in State College, Pennsylvania in 1977.^[12] President George H. W. Bush praised the group as a "shining example" of charity work in a 1990 letter,^[13] one of that president's much-promoted "Thousand points of light" encouragements to volunteer community organizations.^[9] Citing Sandusky's work with The Second Mile charity to provide care for foster children, then U.S. Senator Rick Santorum honored Sandusky with an Angels in Adoptionaward in 2002.^[14] Ex-Eagles head coach Dick Vermeil, current Eagles head coach Andy Reid, R.R.M. Carpenter, III, former Eagles owner, Matt Millen from ESPN, actor Mark Wahlberg, Arnold Palmer, and football player Franco Harris, among others, served on the Honorary Board of Second Mile.^[15]

[edit]Publications

Main article: Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story

Sandusky co-wrote an autobiography titled Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story (ISBN 9781582612706), which was published in 2001.^[16] His co-writer was Keith “Kip” Richeal. The book also includes a quote in a foreword^[17] from football coach Dick Vermeil about Sandusky: “He could very well be the Will Rogers of the coaching profession.”^[18] In the book, which was still on sale at the Penn State bookstore according to a November 12 report in a Harrisburg paper, “Sandusky paints a picture of himself as someone who would consistently take risks in pursuit of what he often refers to as ‘mischief’”. Other passages which look “different in light of the horrendous allegations” include:

• “[Y]ou could mess up a free lunch”, Sandusky quoted his own father as telling him
• “I thrived on testing the limits of others and I enjoyed taking chances in danger”
• Sandusky telling of demonstrating his throat-hold on a Second Mile boy who'd come to Sandusky complaining of a “foster father [who] ‘grabbed me around the back of my shoulders and ... made me do something when I didn't want to do it’”
• repeated descriptions of Sandusky hugging boys and talking about being very close to boys
• “I enjoyed pretending as a kid, and I love doing the same as an adult with these kids.”^[19]

Other books by Sandusky include:

• Developing linebackers the Penn State way, Leisure Press, 1981. ISBN 9780918438645
• Coaching linebackers, with Cedric X. Bryant. Coaches Choice Books, 1995. ISBN 9781571670595
• 101 linebacker drills, with Cedric X. Bryant. Coaches Choice Books, 1997. ISBN 9781571670878

[edit]Sexual assault charges

Main article: Penn State sex abuse scandal

On November 4, 2011, a grand jury^[20] which had been convened in September, 2009, or earlier,^[9] indicted Sandusky on 40 counts of sex crimes against young boys. The indictment came after a three-year investigation that explored allegations of Sandusky having inappropriate contact with a 15-year-old boy over the course of four years, beginning when the boy was ten years old. The boy's parents reported the incident to police in 2009.^[21] The jury identified eight boys that had been singled out for sexual advances or sexual assaults by Sandusky, taking place from 1994 through 2009.^[22] At least 20 of the incidents allegedly took place while Sandusky was still employed at Penn State.^[23] Attorney Joseph Amendola represented Sandusky.^[9]

On November 5, 2011, Sandusky was arrested and charged with seven counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse; eight counts of corruption of minors, eight counts of endangering the welfare of a child, seven counts of indecent assault; and other offenses.^[24] Penn State athletic director Tim Curley and senior vice president for finance and business Gary Schultz (who oversaw the Penn State police department) were charged with perjury and failure to report suspected child abuse by Sandusky.^[25][26]

According to the indictment, in 2002 assistant coach Mike McQueary, then a Penn State graduate assistant,^[27] said he walked in on Sandusky anally raping a ten-year-old boy. The next day, McQueary reported the incident to Paterno, who informed Curley. Ultimately, it is alleged, the only actions Curley and Schultz took was to bar him from bringing children to the football building, take away his keys to the locker room, and report the incident to Second Mile; these actions were approved by school president Graham Spanier.^[28] The indictment accused Curley and Schultz not only of failing to tell the police, but also of falsely telling the grand jury that McQueary never informed them of the alleged sexual activity.^[29]

Sandusky is free on $100,000 bail pending trial. He could face life in prison if convicted of the charges.^[30] Inside Edition reports that Sandusky's home is very close to an elementary school.^[31]

Penn State has been the subject of significant media criticism for allegations that several members of its staff, ranging from the University President down to a graduate assistant, covered up Sandusky's alleged assaults.^[32] Maureen Dowd wrote of the scandal, "Like the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy, the Penn State hierarchy appears to have covered up pedophile crimes to protect its brand."^[32]

On November 6, 2011, Penn State banned Sandusky from campus.^[33] However, as of November 16 there are no legal restrictions on his travel, according to Penn State.^[34]

On November 10, the Sanduskys' house, which is located next to an elementary school and playground, was vandalized.^[35]

On November 14, in a televised phone interview on NBC's Rock Center with Brian Williams, Sandusky admitted to correspondent Bob Costas to having showered with underage boys and touching their bodies, as he described it "without intent of sexual contact." Sandusky denied being a pedophile.^[36] The interview received substantial coverage in the media, particularly regarding the manner in which Sandusky answered Costas when asked if he is sexually attracted to young boys:^[37][38][39]

COSTAS: "Are you sexually attracted to young boys, to underage boys?"

SANDUSKY: "Am I sexually attracted to underage boys?"
COSTAS: "Yes."

SANDUSKY: "Sexually attracted, you know, I enjoy young people. I love to be around them. But no I'm not sexually attracted to young boys."
^[40][41][42]

In the days following the interview, several potential victims contacted State College lawyer Andy Shubin to tell their stories, with one claiming Sandusky had abused him in the 1970s.^[43]

Because of the scandal, the Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute, a non-profit adoption awareness organization, rescinded its 2002Angels in Adoption award to Jerry and Dorothy Sandusky.^[44] Former Pennsylvania Senator Rick Santorum, who nominated Sandusky and his wife for the award, has said he is "devastated" by the scandal.^[45]

[edit]Family

Sandusky is married. He and his wife Dorothy, whom he married in 1966, have six adopted children^[46] and took in foster children.^[8] One son,Jon Sandusky, is Director of Player Personnel for the Cleveland Browns.^[47][48] Another son, E. J. Sandusky, is an assistant football coach atWest Chester University.^[49]

[edit]References

1. ^ Tuscano, Joe (2011-11-19). "Picture this: Sandusky still in hall".Observer-Reporter. Archived from the original on 2011-11-22. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
2. ^ Hyman, J., 2006, Game of My Life Penn State: Memorable Stories of Nittany Lion Football, Sports Publishing
3. ^ "Sandusky Awarded Assistant Coach of the Year ::". Gopsusports.cstv.com. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
4. ^ Viera, Mark (2011-11-05). "Former Coach at Penn State Is Charged With Abuse". The New York Times (New York, NY). Retrieved 2011-11-06.
5. ^ [1]
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} "ARTHUR SANDUSKY 1989 - MERITORIOUS SERVICE". Washington-Greene County Chapter, Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2011-11-22.
7. ^ ^{a b c d e} Bachman, Denise; Karen Mansfield (2011-11-20)."Childhood friends wonder if they really knew Jerry Sandusky".Observer-Reporter. Archived from the original on 2011-11-22. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
8. ^ ^a b c A Reputation Lies in Tatters {New York Times, November 7, 2011)
9. ^ ^a b c d Ganim, Sara, "Jerry Sandusky, former Penn State football staffer, subject of grand jury investigation", Patriot-News, March 31, 2011 8:00/8:20 am. Via Shinal, John, "Joe Paterno botched the biggest play of his life", MarketWatch, Nov. 12, 2011, 2:54 pm EST; JShinal comment, comment p. 5 reply to Insightfool c. 2 pm 11/13. Retrieved 2011-11-13.
10. ^ Berkowitz, Steve, (1991-12-18). "Laycock, Maryland Will Meet; Sandusky Bows Out As Coach Candidate", Washington Post. Abstract and limited access at HighBeam.com.
11. ^ http://www.alumni.psu.edu/fbl/member/1999_bowl/, "Football Letter: Alamo Bowl", dead link a/o November 2011.
12. ^ Lentz, Charlie (March 27, 2007). "Sandusky Second to None".pennstate.scout.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
13. ^ Sandusky Had Access to Vulnerable Kids Via Charity (Associated Press, Nov. 12, 2011)
14. ^ Santorum honored accused PSU Coach as "angel" (Philadelphia Inquirer, November 9, 2011)
15. ^ Shorr-Parks, Eliot, "Andy Reid, Dick Vermeil on Honorary Board for Sandusky Organization", Yard Barker blog; "with FoxSports.com onMSN" upper right in page logo; 11/10/2011. Retrieved 2011-11-14.
16. ^ Accused ex-coach wrote a book titled ‘Touched’ (Philadelphia Inquirer, Nov. 7, 2011)
17. ^ Merrill, Elizabeth, "No one, it seems, knows Jerry Sandusky",ESPN.com, November 11, 2011 4:17 pm ET. Retrieved 2011-11-14.
18. ^ Jerry Sandusky's book titled 'Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story' (Los Angeles Times, November 7, 2011)
19. ^ "Jerry Sandusky's autobiography 'Touched' contains passages that now make the reader cringe", Patriot-News, November 12, 2011, 4 pm/10:27 pm. Retrieved 2011-11-14.
20. ^ "The Penn State indictment: What the grand jury alleges in sex-abuse case involving Jerry Sandusky".
21. ^ Ganim, Sara. "Jerry Sandusky, a Penn State University football legend and founder of The Second Mile, faces charges of sex crimes (Patriot-News)". Pennlive.com. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
22. ^ Former Coach at Penn State Is Charged With Abuse. New York Times 11/05/2011.
23. ^ Juliano, Joe. Two Penn State officials charged in connection with sex-abuse investigation. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 2011-11-06.
24. ^ "Penn State ex-coach charged with abuse, AD with perjury (Associated Press, November 5, 2011)". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
25. ^ "Penn State AD charged with perjury, failure to report in Sandusky sex case (MSNBC)". Collegefootballtalk.nbcsports.com. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
26. ^ By MARK SCOLFORO Associated Press. "Penn St Ex-Coach, Others Charged in Child Sex Case (ABC News)". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
27. ^ Report: Former coach Jerry Sandusky used charity to molest kids (Harrisburg Patriot-News, November 6, 2011)
28. ^ Curley and Schultz reported back to McQueary that they had decided to take away Sandusky’s keys to the locker room, bar him from bringing children to the football building and report the incident to Second Mile, according to the grand jury’s findings. Spanier, the university president, testified that he approved the plan...http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/17/sports/ncaafootball/internet-posting-helped-sandusky-investigators.htm
29. ^ Wetzel, Dan. Penn State’s insufficient action amid child sex allegations stunning Yahoo! Sports, 2011-11-05
30. ^ Ganim, Sara (November 05, 2011, 12:46/1:07 pm). "Former Penn State coaching legend Jerry Sandusky could face life in prison if convicted on charges of sex abuse against boys (Patriot-News)". Pennlive.com. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
31. ^ More Details Emerge on Jerry Sandusky. Inside Edition, 2011-11-11.
32. ^ ^a b Maureen Dowd (November 9, 2011). "Personal Foul at Penn State". New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
33. ^ Penn State to pay AD's legal costs. ESPN, 2011-11-06.
34. ^ Penn State powerless to keep Sandusky off campus (Reuters, November 16, 2011)
35. ^ Sandusky's House, Next to Playground, Vandalized (NBC, Nov 11, 2011)
36. ^ "Jerry Sandusky regrets showers with boys at Penn State". BBC. November 14, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2001.
37. ^ "Video report by Slate magazine about Costas’ interview". Slate - YouTube. 2011-11-15. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
38. ^ "Morning Joe: Costas on Sandusky". 2011-11-15. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
39. ^ "Jerry Sandusky phone interview". The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
40. ^ "Video of Bob Costas interview with Jerry Sandusky". NBC: Rock Center with Brian Williams. 2011-11-15. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
41. ^ "Transcripts - Sandusky: I`m Not a Pedophile; Penn State: How Could it Happen?". CNN. 2011-11-15. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
42. ^ "Transcript: Jerry Sandusky Interview". WCAU. 2011-11-15. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
43. ^ Sara Ganim (November 17, 2011). "Exclusive: Jerry Sandusky interview prompts long-ago victims to contact lawyer". The Patriot-News. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
44. ^ "A Statement from the Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute (11/10/2011)" (Press release). Angels in Adoption. November 15, 2011. Archived from the original on November 15, 2011.
45. ^ "Santorum dodges question on Paterno". The Hill. 11-08-11. Retrieved 11-18-11.
46. ^ case: Officials seek alleged victims (CBS/AP)
47. ^ "Philadelphiaeagles.com". Philadelphiaeagles.com. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
48. ^ "Former Nittany Lion Sandusky Named Cleveland Browns' Director of Player Personnel". Penn State Intercollegiate Athletics. 2010-01-21. Retrieved 2010-02-05.
49. ^ "2011 Football Coaching Staff". www.wcupagoldenrams.com. Retrieved 2011-11-09.

[edit]External links

• The Second Mile
• Centre County, Penn. Grand Jury Findings of Facts
• Sandusky, Penn State case timeline

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